Asbestos, a group of naturally occurring mineral fibers, was used extensively in construction materials for most of the 20th century. It was popular because of its heat and fire resistance, sound absorption, and tensile strength. However, it was later discovered that asbestos fibers, when inhaled, can cause serious illnesses like asbestosis, lung cancer, and mesothelioma. The use of asbestos was banned in the UK in 1999, but many buildings still contain the hazardous substance, particularly those constructed before 1990.

The Health and Safety Executive warns that asbestos-related diseases claim an estimated 5,000 deaths per year in the UK. Asbestos removal and disposal is regulated by the Control of Asbestos Regulations 2012 (CAR), which stipulates that asbestos waste must be disposed of at approved facilities, and that anyone who handles asbestos must be licensed and trained.